Leaching Process for the Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium- Nickel-cobalt-manganese-oxide-based Lithium-ion Batteries
نویسندگان
چکیده
This study focused on the leaching process for the recycling of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn from the LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM) cathodes of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Eh–pH diagrams were used to analyze suitable leaching conditions. Operating variables, such as the concentration of H2SO4 (0.5–2.5 M), concentration of H2O2 (0–1 vol%), temperature (10–50 °C), stirring speed (400–800 rpm), and solid/liquid ratio (0.03–0.2 g·mL ), were investigated to determine the most efficient conditions for leaching. The results indicated that the leaching efficiencies of Ni, Co, and Mn in LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2 were almost identical and significantly lower than that of Li. Possible reaction mechanisms were proposed to explain the leaching efficiencies of the various elements. Under optimum leaching conditions, complete leaching was achieved for Li, Ni, Co, and Mn. Moreover, the leaching kinetics of LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2 is controlled by the rate of the leaching reaction, and not by that of the diffusion. Based on the characteristics of the leaching kinetics, the “cubic rate law” was revised to optimally characterize the leaching process.
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